I. Battery Classification
A. Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
Voltage: 1.2V (single cell).
1.Product Features:
Environmentally friendly, contains less heavy metals.
Relatively high energy density.
Cycle life is usually 500-1000 times.
Self-discharge rate is high, but can be reduced by improving the design.
B. Nickel Cadmium (NiCd)
Voltage: 1.2V (single cell).
1.Product Features:
High discharge rate, suitable for high current applications.
Long cycle life, usually more than 1000 times.
High self-discharge rate, contains heavy metals, poor environmental protection.
C. Lead-acid battery
Voltage: usually 2V (single cell), 6V and 12V are common assembly voltages.
1.Product features:
Low cost, mature technology.
Large capacity, suitable for energy storage applications.
Heavy weight, low energy density.
Cycle life is usually 300-600 times.
D. Lithium polymer battery (LiPo)
Voltage: usually 3.7V (single cell).
1.Product features:
Thinner and lighter design, suitable for portable devices.
High energy density, suitable for drones and models.
Special charging management is required to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.
E. Solid-state battery
Voltage: Not yet standardized, depends on the specific design.
1.Product features:
Solid electrolyte is used, which is safer.
Higher energy density, has the potential to be used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
Technology is still under development, and commercialization will take time.
F. Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4) is a lithium-ion battery with the following characteristics and advantages:
1.Characteristics:
Voltage: The nominal voltage is usually 3.2V.
Energy density: Relatively low, but relatively stable, suitable for applications requiring high safety.
Cycle life: It can reach more than 2,000 times and has a long service life.
Safety: Good thermal stability, not prone to thermal runaway, and has high safety.
2.Advantages:
Environmental protection: No heavy metals and harmful substances, good environmental protection performance.
High temperature performance: Can be used safely at higher temperatures, suitable for high temperature environments.
Charge and discharge efficiency: High charge and discharge efficiency, can meet high discharge requirements.
Low self-discharge rate: Can still maintain a high power after long-term storage.
3.Application scenarios:
Electric vehicles: Widely used in electric vehicles due to their safety and long life.
Energy storage system: Energy storage solutions for homes and industries.
Power tools: Commonly used in power tools due to their durability and high discharge capacity.
II. Battery Specifications
Cylindrical lithium battery model specifications
The model name of cylindrical lithium batteries consists of three letters and five digits. IEC61960 stipulates the following rules for cylindrical and square batteries:
Cylindrical lithium batteries, 3 letters followed by 5 digits. 3 letters, I indicates built-in lithium ions, L indicates lithium metal or lithium alloy electrodes. The second letter indicates the positive electrode material, C indicates cobalt, N indicates nickel, M indicates manganese, and V indicates vanadium. The third letter is R, which indicates cylindrical.
5 digits, the first 2 digits indicate the diameter, and the last 3 digits indicate the height, all in mm.
For example: ICR18650 is 18mm in diameter and 65mm in height, and 0 indicates a round general-purpose 18650 cylindrical battery.
3.6V means the nominal voltage is 3.6V.
C indicates the discharge rate when the battery is discharged, in mAh, which is generally the discharge size or speed per unit time. For example, if the battery capacity is discharged in 1 hour, it is called 1C discharge; if it is discharged in 5 hours, it is called 0.2C discharge.
B. Cylindrical lithium battery model table:
|
Model |
Nominal voltage (V) |
Nominal capacity (mAh) |
Diameter(mm) |
Height(mm) |
Application |
|
14500 |
3.7 |
800 |
14 |
50 |
Instruments, consumer electronics |
|
18650 |
3.7 |
2000-3500 |
18±0.2 |
65±2.0 |
Special equipment, medical equipment, robots |
|
18500 |
3.6 |
800-1500 |
18±0.2 |
18±0.2 |
Security communication, rail transit |
|
26650 |
3.2 |
3200~3500 |
26.2 |
65.6 |
Power/energy storage field, robots, emergency backup |
|
21700 |
3.6 |
3000-4800 |
21 |
70 |
Digital equipment, power tools |
|
32650(32700) |
3.2 |
4500-6500 |
32.4±0.3 |
70.5±0.2 |
Instruments, installed areas |
Common models of lithium-ion batteries:
1. 18650 Battery
Dimensions: about 18mm in diameter and about 65mm in length.
Capacity: usually between 1800mAh and 3500mAh.
Applications: widely used in laptops, power tools, LED flashlights, portable devices, etc.
Voltage: usually 3.7V (nominal voltage).
Product Category: Lithium-ion Battery.
Product Features:
High energy density.
Long cycle life (usually 500-1000 times).
Can be used for high discharge rate applications.
2. 26650 battery
Dimensions: diameter approximately 26mm, length approximately 65mm.
Capacity: Generally between 3000mAh and 6000mAh.
Application: Commonly used in equipment with high power requirements, such as electric scooters, power tools, high-brightness flashlights, etc.
Voltage: Typically 3.7V (nominal voltage).
Product category: lithium-ion battery.
Product features:
Larger capacity, suitable for high-power equipment.
Stable charge and discharge characteristics.
Suitable for power tools and high-brightness lighting equipment.
3. 32700 Battery
Size: about 32mm in diameter and 70mm in length.
Capacity: usually between 5000mAh and 8000mAh.
Application: suitable for devices with higher power and energy density, such as high-power LED lights, energy storage devices and electric vehicles.
Voltage: usually 3.7V (nominal voltage).
Product Category: Lithium-ion Battery.
Product Features:
Ultra-high capacity, suitable for long-term use.
Suitable for electric vehicles and large energy storage systems.
Excellent safety performance and thermal stability.
Other common models
14500: diameter is about 14mm, length is about 50mm, voltage is 3.7V, similar to AA batteries, commonly used in small electronic devices.
21700: diameter is about 21mm, length is about 70mm, voltage is 3.7V, high capacity, suitable for electric vehicles and high-performance devices.
10440: diameter is about 10mm, length is about 44mm, voltage is 3.7V, commonly used in small devices such as laser pointers and small flashlights.
Battery arrangement and combination
